Sexualityandu.ca News Bulletin
August 2006
Home Ask questions Subscribe All news Français
Teens Adult Parents
arrow graphic Contents
 

News Highlights

  • sexualityandu.ca launches new look, great new features
  • The effect of over-the-counter or advanced supply of Plan B among adolescents
  • Do girls talk to their mothers about contreption? Results from the “Report Card on Contraception 2006”
  • A rare STI is on the rise in Canada

Ask sexualityandu.ca

  • Can I get pregnant from pre-cum?
  • I am taking antibiotics for an infection.  I have heard that this may affect the way my birth control pill works.  Is that true?
  • I have had to have treatment for genital warts.  Once they are treated, can they come back?  Can I spread them to others?

Tips

  • Controlling your periods with birth control

Quick facts

  • Spray-on contraceptive in the works

Did you know?

  • Men using hormonal methods of birth control have quick return to fertility

News Highlights

sexualityandu.ca launches new look, great new features

One of the Internet’s best sexual health resources just got a little better. The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, has relaunched its award-winning sexual health website, www.sexualityandu.ca, adding some innovative new features and a sleek new image. 

sexualityandu.ca

Check out some of the new features sexualityandu has to offer:

Contraception Comparisons:
Choosing a new contraception? Want to see how your contraception measures up against the other options out there?  With sexualityandu.ca’s dynamic new contraception comparison chart, visitors can make side-by-side comparisons of all the contraceptive methods currently available in Canada.  The comparison chart includes descriptions and up-to-date information on the effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages of each contraceptive method. 

Try out the new Contraceptive Comparison Chart

If you’ve got questions, sexualityandu.ca has you covered.
With a new fully-indexed collection of FAQs answered by expert health professionals, sexualityandu.ca is Canada’s first choice for answers to sexual health questions.  The site’s new easier navigation makes finding the answer you’re looking for a breeze.

Check out the site’s new FAQ section.

Getting the word out: sexualityandu.ca’s new Media Room
Connecting people with good information is what sexualityandu.ca is all about.  The site’s new media centre provides journalists and researchers with our extensive pool of sexual health resources and multidisciplinary health experts.  Designed as a one-stop source for information on contraception, sexually transmitted infections and a wide range of sexual health issues, the Media Room also offers:

  • sexualityandu.ca advisories and releases 
  • Sexual health backgrounders and fact sheets
  • Current Canadian statistical data and trends
  • Free matte stories available for publication

Visit the Media Room

The effect of over-the-counter or advanced supply of Plan B among adolescents.

teen sexA recent study examined sexual behaviour risks in adolescents who were given either 3 advance packs of Plan B (emergency contraception), free pharmacy access to Plan B, or access at their local clinic.  A total of 964 adolescents were enrolled, with 90 under the age of 16.  At the time of enrollment, 24 % of the teens had experienced a pregnancy, and 24% had been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI).  The teens were followed up at six months and completed a questionnaire. More than 1000 women over the age of 20 were also in the study.

Overall, 320 of the adolescents used emergency contraception (EC) during the six month study period, with the highest use in the advanced provision group, followed by the pharmacy group and the clinic group (44%, 29%, 30%, P<= 0.001).  Thirty-eight percent of teens under the age of 16 used EC, equal to the 38% of 16-17 year olds and slightly more than the 18-19 year olds (33%).  The adolescent groups took the medication correctly 93% of the time.

Concerning high-risk behaviours, there was no difference between the groups who had easy access to EC and the teens who had to go to the clinic.  The adolescents had a higher rate of unprotected intercourse than the adults also participating in this study (43% vs. 32%), although having access to EC did not change that rate for either group.  The teens did not have higher rates of STI, multiple partners, or forced intercourse.  The youngest group of teens had the highest pregnancy rate (14%) versus the other two teen age groups (12% ages 16-17 and 8% ages 18-19), but there was no difference between the advanced provision, pharmacy, or clinic groups.

Harper CC, Cheong M, Rocca CH, Darney PD, Raine TR.The effect of increased access to emergency contraception among young adolescents. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Sep;106(3):483-91.

Results from the “Report Card on Contraception 2006”

Mother daughter talkThe executive summary of the “Report Card on Contraception 2006” survey, which examined contraceptive practices and attitudes of young women and their mothers, is now available to the public.  The survey, sponsored by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals and conducted by Leger Marketing, was conducted by telephone and Internet.

The online portion of the survey gathered information from 855 young women aged 15-24 from all parts of Canada.  Similarly, 510 women over the age of 30 with daughters aged 15-24 were contacted by telephone.  Again, each region of Canada was represented.

There were several interesting findings.  First, most mothers got their birth control information from their family doctors, but teens are just as likely to get information from friends or their mothers as they are from their family doctors.  Among the girls who have had conversations with their mothers about sex, 63% of them spoke with their moms before their first sexual encounter.  Sixty-nine percent of daughters spoke with their mothers about birth control before they started using it. 

Moms are also being more assertive when it comes to speaking to their daughters about birth control and sex.  Sixty-eight percent of moms initiated the conversation about sex, with 24% of daughters being the first ones to speak up.  Although 64% of daughters were at least “comfortable” talking about sex with their moms, an overwhelming majority of Moms -- 95% -- were at least “comfortable” speaking to their daughters.

“Report Card on Contraception 2006, Executive Summary”
Leger Marketing Group
www.legermarketing.com

Lymphogranuloma venereum on the rise in Canada

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a strain of the Chlamydia bacteria.  Unlike the usual forms of Chlamydia infection, LGV is more invasive, infecting the lymph glands (usually in the groin or genital region).  It can be passed to a partner through any kind of sexual contact (oral, genital, or anal), and transmission can be lowered by using condoms or other barriers. 

LGV infection has typically been seen in men who have sex with men.  If left untreated, LGV can cause scarring of the lymph nodes and genital/anal area.  It can also lead to infection in other sites of the body (liver and brain) and in rare cases can lead to death.  LGV can also cause an increased risk of getting HIV, hepatitis, or other STIs. 

Until recently, LGV had been seen almost exclusively in third world countries in Africa, Asia, and South America.  Now, the infection has started to appear in Europe and North America.  Compared to the overall rates of Chlamydia infection, LGV infection is still very low.  However, the increasing rates of the infection are worrisome.  Thirty-three cases have been confirmed over the last 4 years, with another 33 cases suspected.

Symptoms usually start 3 to 30 days after exposure to the bacteria, and include a painless lump at the site of infection (usually mouth, genitals, or anus).  Nearby lymph nodes then become swollen, and many people infected with LGV experience fever, chills, muscle aches, and pus-like discharge from the infection site.  Testing for LGV includes a swab of the infected site and possibly blood work.  Testing for other STIs will also be performed.

LGV can be treated with antibiotics, but they need to be taken for three weeks to completely eliminate the bacteria.  Sexual partners must also be treated.  If serious infection and scarring have already occurred, this may be permanent. 

Information from the Public Health Agency of Canada
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/lgv/index.html

Ask Sexualityandu.ca

 

Can I get pregnant from pre-cum?

Yes.  When a man becomes aroused, he will often leak a small amount of fluid from the tip of his penis.  This helps with lubrication during intercourse.  This fluid may contain sperm, and thus could cause a pregnancy.  This is partly why the “withdrawal” method of contraception (where he removes his penis from the vagina before orgasm, and ejaculates outside the vagina) has a higher failure rate.  Even if he does withdraw in time, there may already be sperm there.  The best way to protect yourself from pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections is to always use a condom, preferably with a highly effective “backup” method like the birth control pill, patch, or ring.

horizontal bar
 

birth control and medication

I am taking antibiotics for an infection.  I have heard that this may affect the way my birth control pill works.  Is that true?

So far, only two antibiotics have been shown to affect the birth control pill’s effectiveness by changing how the pill is broken down in your system: griseofulvin (an anti-fungal medication) and rifampicin (an anti-tuberculosis drug).   However, some antibiotics can cause vomiting or diarrhea as a side effect.  If that happens, it may change how well you absorb a birth control pill, making it less effective.  If you are using the birth control patch or vaginal ring, this is not a problem.  If you are concerned, consider using double protection for that month of pills – add a condom every time.  This will give some added pregnancy prevention and peace of mind.

horizontal bar
 

graphic element

I have had to have treatment for genital warts.  Once they are treated, can they come back?  Can I spread them to others?

Genital warts are caused by the Human papillomavirus, or HPV.  HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide.  There are thought to be over 200 different types, or strains, of HPV.  Some strains cause the visible genital warts, while others infect the cervix, causing changes in the cells which over time can lead to cancer if not treated. 

Genital warts are very contagious, and are usually spread through sexual contact.  This can happen with oral, anal, or genital sex.  Although condoms lower the risk of becoming infected, they do not eliminate it because the condom may not cover all the infected skin.  Depending on the person, the visible warts may disappear over time or they may require treatment.  For some people, once the warts are treated they do not come back, while others will require many treatments over their lifetime. 

You can pass this virus to a partner even if you do not have visible lesions.  Sometimes the virus is shed from the skin, while other times the lesions are not visible located inside the anus or vagina. 

For more information on HPV, check out our website:
http://www.sexualityandu.ca/teens/sti-1-1.aspx

Teachers Health Professionals
Printable Version
did you know?

Men using hormonal methods of birth control have quick return to fertility

Although still in the research phase, several methods of male hormonal birth control are being tested.  A recent review of all the published literature on male hormonal contraception has indicated that men who use these methods are likely to have a rapid return to normal fertility once they stop taking the medication.  The currently available methods of male contraception are either less effective than female hormonal methods (condoms) or not easily reversible (vasectomy).  One of the concerns with male hormonal contraception is the ability to return to normal fertility when contraception is no longer desired.

Researchers in the United States reviewed the data from 1549 healthy males aged 18-51.  The information was collected from 30 published studies testing many different methods of male hormonal contraception.  On average, the men were treated for nine months (range four to eighteen months) and they recovered reproductive level sperm counts (20 million sperm/mL of semen) in 3.4 months.  The probability that men recovered their fertility was 90% at one year and 100% within two years.

This is exciting news, as medicine is getting closer to providing both men and women with reliable, reversible contraception.  Currently there are no hormonal methods of contraception marketed for men in North America.

Quick Facts

Spray-on contraceptive in the works

spray on birth control

Acrux, an Australian pharmaceutical company, has paired up with the New York-based Population Council research group to create the first spray-on contraceptive.  Clinical trials continue for the development of this product that would be administered on the woman’s skin (likely the forearm) with a method similar to that used for nasal sprays.  The main active medication would be Nestorone, which has been tested both in pill and vaginal ring form, and is now being tested for use on the skin. 

A Phase I trial has successfully been completed, using a test group of six women.  This level of testing examines whether or not the drug is absorbed through the skin and if it reaches the right levels in the blood.  Next, a Phase II trial will look to see if the amount of drug absorbed is enough to prevent ovulation and pregnancy.  This phase will include a much larger group of women. 

The possible benefits of a spray-on application include ease of use, less skin irritation than a patch, and greater discretion. 

“Spray-on Contraceptive Moves to Next Step”.
Contraceptive Technology Update, May 2006, page 57
.

Tips
Managing periods

Controlling your periods with birth control

Is your period supposed to start next week, at the same time as an upcoming event such as a wedding, holiday, sports competition, or exam?  If you are using birth control methods such as the oral contraceptive pill, patch, or vaginal ring, you can delay your period until a more convenient time.

Are you taking birth control pills in a 28-pill pack?  To extend your cycle, finish taking the 21 active pills.  Instead of taking the seven placebo (or sugar) pills, start a new pack immediately and continue on through the pack.  This will have you taking six active pill weeks in a row.  After the second pack of 21 active pills is done, continue to take the seven placebo pills and have a period that week. 

Taking a 21-pill pack?  After finishing the 21 pills, eliminate the pill-free week and start a new pack of pills right away.  Finish this pack as well, making it six weeks of active pills.  Once the second pack is done, take a pill-free week and have a period. 

Using the patch or the vaginal ring?  Once you have completed 21 days of either method (one ring or three patches), instead of having a week off and menstruating, continue immediately with another patch or ring.  With the patch, you can add one, two, or three more extra weeks, depending on your schedule.  For the vaginal ring, once the second three-week ring is done, remove it and have a ring-free week. 

During the additional weeks of treatment, you may experience spotting or breakthrough bleeding.  This is not harmful and the contraception effect will continue to work even if there is bleeding or spotting.  Continue to take your contraceptive method according to the plan you and your health care provider have agreed upon.

Administered by SOGC